How to Write A Ph.D. Thesis

Step by step instructions to Write A Ph.D. Theory Step by step instructions to Write A Ph.D. Theory Composing a Ph.D. proposal or thesis requires some serious energy and vitality. The way toward conceptualizing, planning, creating, and the last introduction of the work expects understudies to give their full focus to have the option to finish the investigation on schedule, also picking up the endorsement of the inspectors. In the event that you’re approaching the end goal of your doctorate and you’re presently at the underlying phases of your paper, here are some useful proposals for composing your doctoral proposition. Picking A Topic Pick a subject of intrigue that match with your program’s specialized topic or intrigue. Much of the time, graduate understudies build up their investigations around a particular inquiry that their projects have accentuated and continue to work with directors in the workforce who have the specialized information and aptitude in those regions. In the event that you are given a free hand to decide your center, you will be relied upon to investigate various topics identified with your order before focusing in on a last bearing. Here are a couple of tips to consider during subject ideation: Distinguish â€Å"hot issues.† Bounce off thoughts with your examination director and decide the key subjects or squeezing issues in your field. Enlarge your insight by looking into the most recent examinations, distributed diaries, scholastic contextual investigations, yearly reports, news stories, or information synopses around your theme. Diary your thoughts. Record your musings and revelations so you can return to, adjust, or transform them when required. This will assist you with focusing your contemplations and monitor thoughts to create and that might be significant in improving your subject. Don’t look for a â€Å"perfect† subject. A few understudies may fall in the snare of overthinking their exploration point. In the event that you ever slow down out, get in contact with your chief and get master exhortation. Counsel an employee. The Graduate School of the University of British Columbia recommends that analysts acquaint the specializations of individual employees in their alumni program. This encourages you know whether these individuals are an ideal choice for your exploration administrative board. Building up Your Topic As you build up your examination point, consider your profession objectives in the wake of acquiring your doctorate. An alumni understudy that’s deserving at least moderate respect utilizes their thesis to characterize the direction of their profession way after college. Pick a subject that not just resounds with your inclinations and that of your program yet additionally drives your vocation forward. Think about the accompanying inquiries when building up your subject: Can the inquiry continue your advantage and eagerness? Are there answers for the issue? Could these lead to different issues worth investigating? Would it be able to make a unique commitment to the field? Would you be able to convey the guarantee of the examination? Drafting Your Research Proposal Once you’re certain about your theme, the following stage is to draft your exploration proposition. A proposition must detail the initial scarcely any parts and the center segments of the thesis. It must incorporate the accompanying parts (all together): Articulation of the Problem (additionally called Background Information) Survey of Related Literature (RRL) Arranged Research Method Here are some extra accommodating recommendations for centering and composing your examination proposition: Peruse proposition from different scientists. This will assist you with getting a general thought of how a completed proposition ought to be. Request one model paper from your field of study. Observe: How the proposition was sorted out The kinds of headings utilized The degree of lucidity and explicitness The author’s expansiveness of information regarding the matter Compose a quality Review of Literature. Don’t hold up until the thesis legitimate to plan for this fundamental section. Your RRL should cover two contentions: Why your exploration is required The embodiment of your approach in responding to the inquiry raised Designate adequate chance to build up your contentions. The more you deal with your RRL, the additional time you need to find assets, and the better a writing audit you can create. File all significant asset materials. Make a point to compose them as per areas, organize them in consecutive request, and duplicate every single bibliographic reference. This will prove to be useful when you have to reference a particular piece for your list of sources. Focus in on one territory. Put a laser center around your subject. Commit sufficient opportunity to make explicit and unmistakable contentions for your examination. Settle on a proposition title. A painstakingly considered title helps your perusers promptly comprehend your examination initially. Avoid befuddling or obscure language, and put the fundamental words toward the start of your title. It very well may be helpful to incorporate watchwords that will help different scientists to discover your work. The accomplishment of your proposition lies in the nature of your task and how well your introduction is on paper. On the off chance that you need help composing your proposition, there are numerous proposition journalists in Toronto who can manage you through the procedure. Characterizing The Scope Of Your Research To pick up lucidity and make a characterized structure, restricted the extent of your examination. Characterizing what you will and won't tackle ought to be talked about in your proposition. As you refine your degree, think about these focuses: Pick your philosophy reasonably. Your approach is one of the indispensable components that will set the structure of your exploration. Consider techniques utilized in your field and single out procedures that your program and administrative panel support. Your exploration manager will examine some methodological inquiries with you as you build up your proposition. Pick a certified and steady administrative advisory group. The advisory group you will work with will assume a huge job in the achievement of your exploration. Select board of trustees individuals that are specialists in the field, yet are eager to work with you towards your objective. They ought to be a wellspring of direction and consolation for your works. Be as open and target as conceivable while accepting analysis from your council. Meet with your board as frequently varying. It is during these gatherings that you can altogether talk about your proposition and set objectives and techniques. Composing Your Dissertation Composing is a crucial aptitude that you have to sharpen from the get-go all the while. Utilize your proposition as your guide. Write in a manner that reflects what you said you would achieve in your technique. Do likewise for the Statement of the Problem and your RRL. Compose obviously; evade vagueness. Have a rundown of watchwords that are essential to your examination and use them all through your thesis. Don’t shift back and forth between words or expressions when you’re alluding to just a single thing. This will help hold your importance clear to your perusers. You don’t need to compose your paper in succession (for example from the main part to the end); indeed, it is generally best to not compose the presentation until the paper is finished.  Start with the parts you’re generally alright with, and work from that point. During amendments, you can modify segments to best help your contentions and present your proof. Here are a couple of more tips for composing your exposition: Plan a thesis structure cautiously with your boss. Make works in progress as you go, and refine them as your point turns out to be progressively engaged. Make a documenting framework to handily follow applicable outcomes as you compose every part. Utilize a reference administrator to monitor your references and notes. Back up your work. Make an advanced reinforcement of all the key pieces of manual records, logbooks, or journals you’ve utilized. Composing a thesis can be trying as you move in the direction of finishing. Be that as it may, with the correct direction and exertion, you can finish this endeavor and gain that doctorate you’ve buckled down for. In the event that you need assistance recorded as a hard copy your paper, you can likewise get an expert composing administration to make the procedure simpler. is here to be your accomplices in this undertaking. We offer far reaching paper/proposition administrations for cutting edge level understudies in the GTA. Get in touch with us to begin with your task.

Five Reasons Why Blogging Leads to Writing Jobs

Five Reasons Why Blogging Leads to Writing Jobs Five Reasons Why Blogging Leads to Writing Jobs Five Reasons Why Blogging Leads to Writing Jobs By Ali Hale Day by day Writing Tips has just secured Five reasons why blogging improves your composition. Be that as it may, once you’ve cleaned up your abilities, and become used to composing every now and again and accepting input, blogging can likewise assist you with getting paid for your composition. 1. It’s a free (or modest) approach to independently publish your composition Posting your composition on a blog is a type of independently publishing, regardless of whether you don’t consider it that way. All things considered, blogging programming utilizes a Publish catch to present a post, and in the event that you run Google Adsense on your blog, Google alludes to you as a Publisher. Previously, to get distributed you either convinced a proofreader to print your work, or you paid to have the piece printed yourself. Blogging permits you to independently publish for nothing (or at the little expense of facilitating and a web association). On the off chance that your blog gets mainstream, you could run promotions to bring in some cash or welcome sponsorship from organizations †look over to one side to see some of Daily Writing Tips’s supports. 2. Blogging encourages you develop an arrangement of pieces Perhaps the hardest thing about beginning as an independent author is getting together an arrangement of your composition to show potential customers. Having a blog permits you to develop an example of distributed pieces that you can use to show your composing ability. In the event that you’re proposing to utilize blogging to begin your portfolio, why not compose visitor posts for different web journals? For instance, I have Daily Writing Tips, Diet Blog, Freelance Switch, The Change Blog, Dumb Little Man and Pick the Brain on my rundown of locales I’ve composed for. Editors may pay attention to you more in the event that they can see that others think your composing is sufficient to distribute. 3. You get the opportunity to expound on subjects that you love †and fabricate your ability and accreditations Much has been said about the need to have a blog on a specialty subject †one point that you expound normally on, as opposed to attempting to incorporate everything that you’re keen on. This makes it a lot simpler to develop an intrigued readership, yet it likewise assists with building your insight about the theme. In the event that you’re perusing different online journals and books regarding your matter and composing unique material a few times each week, you’ll more likely than not be discovering some new information. Having a settled blog on a specific subject is an extraordinary method to show your skill. For instance, on the off chance that you need to compose film surveys for a paper, highlighting your long-running web journal with a week after week gather together of the most recent discharges could be an extraordinary method to demonstrate that you’re capable. 4. A well known blog could prompt a book bargain In the disconnected world, the offer of â€Å"blooks† is rising †books dependent on web journals. A few bloggers who I read have marked book bargains: Darren Rowse from Problogger, Shauna Reid from The Amazing Adventures of Diet Girl and Jennette Fulda (otherwise known as PastaQueen) from Half of Me. What's more, obviously, there are some acclaimed models, for example, Belle de Jour’s The Intimate Adventures of a London Call Girl. In the event that your blog turns out to be large, it could very well grab the eye of an operator. What's more, regardless of whether the operators aren’t calling you at this time, a blog could assist you with selling your own book. Elizabeth Soutter Schwarzer (‘Liz’ or ‘DaMomma’) from Motherhood isn't for Wimps has independently published one book and has another in transit. Collis and Cyan Ta’eed from Freelance Switch independently published How to be a Rockstar Freelancer (in both digital book and printed arranges) and have another book in transit, How to be a Rockstar WordPresser. Numerous different bloggers offer amazing free articles on their blog yet additionally sell digital books which go into more profundity on similar subjects. 5. On the off chance that you’re a consultant, a blog is an extraordinary showcasing apparatus Notable bloggers who distribute definitive and elegantly composed posts can utilize their blog as a mean of showcasing themselves. Skellie does this splendidly on Skelliewag, with a â€Å"Hire me† page and advertisments on the correct hand side for her own administrations. Harry and James from Men with Pens have â€Å"Guns for Hire† which clarifies the composition and configuration administrations which they offer. Ensure your blog tells potential customers how they can connect. In the event that somebody adores your blog’s style and substance, they may well need to recruit you. Additionally, web journals will in general position well in web indexes (because of the measure of substance, and on the grounds that different websites regularly need to connection to your posts), so you’ll have more noteworthy perceivability on the web. In the event that you have a blog, has it helped you †legitimately or by implication †to bring in cash from your composition? On the off chance that you’re not blogging yet, do you have thoughts of how you’d like to utilize a blog? Need to improve your English in a short time a day? Get a membership and begin accepting our composing tips and activities day by day! Continue learning! Peruse the Freelance Writing class, check our mainstream posts, or pick a related post below:The Royal Order of Adjectives 7 Tips for Writing a Film ReviewEmpathic or Empathetic?

bruce almighty :: essays research papers

Bruce Almighty is Irresistible      There is an indulgence one gets from watching characters we relate to battle on screen, and we start to ponder internally that perhaps our lives aren’t so terrible all things considered. Such is the situation in Bruce Almighty, another discharge from Universal Pictures coordinated by Tom Shadyac. The film is in no way, shape or form shocking or pivotal, however it has a compelling appeal that attracts watchers in urgent need of a break from the real world. The heartbreaking hero (Jim Carrey) becomes persuaded that God has surrendered him after he loses a pined for reporter position to a foul associate. God (Morgan Freeman) awards Bruce his glorious powers and moves him to make a superior showing, calling attention to that â€Å"†¦Gandhi just endured a week!†      Predictably, occasions turn crazy as Bruce is overpowered by petitions (got as messages), and he figures out how to lose the main lady who had really thought about him. It’s simple to think about what mindful and humane Jane finds in the fairly narcissistic and negative Bruce, yet Jennifer Aniston pulls off the job flawlessly, without any difficulty that guarantees her film profession will keep on flourishing. Obviously, Carrey gives the existence power of the film, and it is his incomparable physical amusingness and perfect comedic timing which spare a content verging on mushy and exaggerated.      Most fulfilling of everything is viewing Bruce’s change from a self-assimilated man experiencing a middle age emergency to a chivalrous individual mindful of different people’s feelings. As God he at first awards all desires, and commotion breaks out, as the genuine God clarifies that people for the most part don’t comprehend what will really satisfy them.

Effective Techniques for Georgia Tech Supplemental Essay Samples You Can Use Immediately

Effective Techniques for Georgia Tech Supplemental Essay Samples You Can Use Immediately Who knew essay writing might be so tough. The use of the essays is to rate your writing ability and, what's more, to find out more about you as an individual. At our essay service, they are always delivered in a short time. You're able to easily buy unique college essays and don't neglect to tell friends and family about it. There's, clearly, a limit on the range of pages even our very best writers can produce with a pressing deadline, but usually, we figure out how to satisfy all the clients seeking urgent assistance. You should have your reasons, and our principal concern is that you find yourself getting a great grade. You can also locate programs for ladies. They're educated and friendly persons who will gladly assist you in any matter linked to using our expert services. You don't have to be concerned about your personal details that may be viewed, as we handle the matter on a safe network. Before you begin the application procedure, take some time to go through the next information that will help you prepare. Provide all the first details, let us know about the deadline, and we'll begin making your paper to aid you in getting high grades. The terrible news is that you might be moving a lot. Successful universities won't only meet the educational should find that very first job after graduation, but also to attain career changes and advancements with time. Students lead busy lives and frequently forget about a coming deadline. Today, most college students find it difficult to compose an essay on a specific topic. Studying only can help improve your abilities. Additionally, quite a few award winning athletes were born in different nations or Washington D.C.. The performance apparel market is currently a multi billion dollar enterprise. Below you'll find a table for fast reference ranking the states by per capita score and total number of awards. As a consequence, their awards aren't credited to a state. In such a ranking system there are quite a few varying criteria which can be used. By the way, spec building is the way I advise you to begin rather than building a house for somebody else. It is thought to be one of the top research universities in the nation. These are a few of the options offered in these various fields of study. The whole enrollment is all about 3,000 students. Even in the event the deadline is very tight, feel free to get hold of our managers. Regardless of what genre you would like Business Studies, Microeconomics, Business Management and Financial Accounting, we're here to serve your requirements. Ensure you proceed through the particulars of each program before applying. In the event that you were not able to upload them, please wait until you've submitted your on-line application to send your materials. There are lots of programs mentioned on the ACME site. A number of the Georgia Tech apartments on campus are a number of the best moderately priced apartments in all Atlanta. They tend to be highly sought after, so you will want to make sure to search far and wide to see what the best deals available are, and if you see an excellent deal that's open in a good place, snatch it up! Ponce City Market is a huge location for the entire family to come across options they like. You'll discover some places which are actually pet-friendly, and a variety of Atlanta apartments for students offer you move-in deals, like a rental discount or possibly a completely free month for new tenants.

1984 - Summary and Book Report Tips

The Transatlantic Slave Trade And The United States

My ancestors, along with many other African Americans living in society today are decedents of African slaves. I can remember as far back as age 5 listening to the elders in my family talk about slavery. The word slavery originated when millions of African men and women were forcible taken from their families and the familiar surroundings of their African villages. Brought here to an unfamiliar environment and forced to work on plantations in different parts of the United States, usually from sun up to sun down. the transatlantic slave trade formally began in 1518, when King Charles I of Spain sanctioned the direct importation of Africans to his colonies in the America. The transatlantic slave trade became a lucrative international†¦show more content†¦Whippings, executions, beatings, and rape. all of these were common humiliations suffered by slaves. In reality, treatment of slaves ranged from mild to cruel and sadistic. Under slavery, slave-owners, controlled, and sold ent ire families of slaves. Slave owners might decide to sell families or family members for profit, as punishment, or to pay debts. Slave-owners also gave slaves away to grown children or other family members as wedding gifts. Slave children were considered ready to work and leave home once they were 12-14 years old. Darker-skinned slaves worked in the fields, while lighter-skinned slaves worked as house servants and had better clothing, food, and housing. Slaves were forbidding from reading or writing so they adopted a strong oral tradition of expression through songs, prayers, music, and story-telling. This allowed many slaves to feel a sense of cultural connection the home of their origin. this provided them a way of educate the younger generation on the customs, cultures and traditions. Growing up in a multigenerational household that included extended family members I learned how important that family/kinship bond is in providing moral and psychological support to a child. Although, they were captured and forcibly brought to America as slaves that did not prevent my ancestors from holding on to the religious practices that were common in their homeland. The musical rhythms, drumming, shouting,

Corporate Social ResponsibilityCSR Strategies

Question: How Corporate Social Responsibility is Defined? Answer: Introduction: Corporate Social Responsibility is an emerging management concept that is evolving in the current market scenario. It is a concept that entails to integrate various environmental and social concerns in the business operations along with having interactions with the stakeholders. It seeks so that the company can achieve a balance between the environmental and social imperatives. It also must seek that the company is able to address the expectations of its stakeholders and shareholders. The main aim of CSR activities is to reduce the poverty striven world. This will help to strengthen the reputation of the company and the brand image will be highlighted effectively. An approach is necessary to be taken by the SMEs to promote CSR activities so that the adversity of economic viability is not affected directly (Arvidsson, 2014). It is an effort that needs to be taken to align the private enterprises along with achieving sustainable development also. It also minimizes the negative effects that can create a massive impact to the society as a whole. The major CSR activities include responsible sourcing, eco efficiency, engaging the stakeholders, maintaining effective employee and community relations maintain good governance and seek anti corruption measures also. There are various advantages of implementing CSR activities in an organization. It helps to increase sales and profits, save the operational costs, helps in attaining effective human resource base, improves brand reputation, helps in taking better decisions and also enhances the customer loyalty. In the recent years an increased amount of attention is being given to the companies to raise social awareness within the organization environment along with other societal environment also (Bindhu et al., 2014). CSR in terms of business can be defined as the level of responsiveness of the business to its stakeholders in terms f ethical, legal and other environmental expectations also. A lot of pressure has been created on the employees of an organization to seek that the company is able to raise its CSR standards efficiently. Various campaigns are being launched and jointly been ventured to ensure corporate social responsibility. A strategic value needs to be gathered in an organization so that the products and business relationships can be aligned effectively. These CSR activities are actually leading for the development of small and medium sized enterprises in developing countries (Grny, 2014). Also these CSR activities are also generating the importance of the NGOs and they are h aving a crucial role to be played as a whole. It is important to initiate a strategic approach so that the companys competitiveness can be increased. It also helps to encourage more environmental and social responsibility so that the benefits is evenly distributed among the company and it is necessary to see that all the employees seeks such inclusiveness towards CSR activities. The CSR activities also help in mitigating risks so that the social consequences can be rectified before implementing them in the market. The CSR activities also helps to offer a set of values that helps to build a more structured society and the economy is sustained and developed with favorable growth. Company Profile: Apple Inc. is a multinational company that is headquarter in California. This company mainly involves into consumer electronics and also designs computer software; online services and personal computers also.The company product line include iPod, IPhone, iPad and also Apple Mac book. The company also introduced Apple TV recently to develop its range of products. Apples consumer software also involves iOS operating system. It also includes iTunes Store and App store. The company was founded by Steve Jobs in the year 1976. To add more information to the company Apple is the second largest information technology company that has earned maximum revenue. Apple has created a sensational brand image in terms of mobile phones. Today the world craves for carrying an iPhone in their pockets because of the reputation it has been able to create on the minds of the consumers. There are more than 72000 employees employed by Apple as of today. The worlds largest music retailer Apple store is also o perated by the company itself. The total revenue of the company is estimated to be about US$182 billion. The company has also joined Dow Jones on March 19, 2015. Apple is expected to enjoy a high level of brand loyalty and it is also recognized as a global brand across the world. The employees in the company work whole heartedly and with full dedication so that all the uncertainties can be overcome. The main objective of the company is to follow a strategic marketing policy. Their main motto is Be unique. This signifies that the company aims to distinguish itself from the other companies. This could be done by initiating new and creative ideas to develop the products. It is also important include an efficient Research and Development team so that better quality of products could be introduced in the market. Apple believes the policy of not copying any idea from any other company. This point helps strongly to keep a unique proposition in terms of other companies. Apple designed its products keeping in mind that it caters to all type of its customers starting from the students to the business developers. The biggest competitor of the company is considered to be Microsoft. Microsoft tries to adopt all possible changes that Apple releases into the market (Hoi, Wu and Zhang, 2013). CSR Strategies adopted by Apple: Apple has contributed a lot to the CSR activities and also to build upon the business strategy of the organization. Apple has made the Form 10-K which constituted of the company annual report. It also included the relevant information on business strategies adopted by the company. It also includes all the legal information, financial data and the company risk factors also. Apple has also considered the GRI G3 indices which are related to the economy. This also includes publication on environmental reports, recycling its sources and also checks the supplier responsibility. The main aim of Apple in designing the products is to seek that a major indicator has been taken to ensure reports on environmental issues and also on the supplier responsibility. The energy efficient strategy of Apple is making the Apples products more powerful and at the same time it can be inferred that less amount of materials are also used (Kovcs and Valk, 2013). Another sustainable strategy taken up by the company for its innovativeness and creativity is by building an eco system around Apples software platform. The publishers, developers and multimedia distributors have contributed effectively to meet the goals of the company efficiently. However in spite of the fact that there was so much openness prevailing in the company there were disputes and criticisms regarding the software that was used by Apple. This acted as a hindrance to the companys profit making capability. Another important strategy was the distribution and service facility maintained by the company. There were various direct and indirect distribution channels that were used by the company to reach its customers at the end. The company also believes a direct and effective communication that needs to maintained at all different levels so that no information is been missed out to be informed to the customers at the end (Misztal and Jasiulewicz-Kaczmarek, 2014). In spite of all this it is hard to believe that apple is able to maintain high quality of after sales and support across the world. Apple is also planning a strategy to build a sustainable public relationship. Apple also believes to be operated under one roof therefore it is necessary to build effective supplier responsibilities. We know that Apples parts and products are globally outsourced therefore it is necessary to build an efficient chain of suppliers all over. Apple also works on targets such as taking corrective plans alon g with business partners, conducting onsite audits, etc. In spite of all these strategies implemented it was criticized that Apple had poor CSR integration strategy. The following points support the statement: First of all it is necessary to introduce a responsible strategy that need to be recommended so that all the stakeholders can be actively involved. There must be a collaboration to solve the entire supply chain problem together. Also there must be adaptability to achieve long term competitive advantage. Also it is necessary to introduce responsible and innovative supply chain that can reduce the overall cost as a whole. Also it is necessary to seek that the company is able to adopt an appropriate supplier so that it helps to achieve a sign of reliability. The company employees are also expected to identify themselves in terms of company values and corporate identity. Finally there must be initiatives taken to engage with all the contractors eventually. And this is also needed to push them in aligning with the business goals. The benefits that the supplier can share are that of sharing of information, building more capacity and facilitating of practices (Rojek-Nowosielska, 2014). Apples supply chain model is a CSR strategy that acts as a standard business model altogether so that the company is able to identify all its flaws and still move on towards meeting its goals efficiently. Major drivers of Apples CSR activities and its importance: Developing a CSR strategy around the company denotes a sense of obligation and bringing about certain well defined characters to enable effective growth to the organization. It is necessary for Apple to be embraced as a cool company and seek so that all its core values are highlighted. The major drivers of the companys CSR activities are as follows: To train the managers and workers on responsible practices: It is necessary for the suppliers to live up to all the standards in the industry. It is necessary to train the factory supervisors and the workers to maintain a safe and respectful workplace so that work related harassments can be reduced (Wirl, Feichtinger and Kort, 2013). It is also necessary to speak with all individual employees that they are able to understand their own rights and also seek that the company is able to violate all such rights of each and every employee. It is also necessary to train the employees so that they follow Apples code of conduct, occupational health and safety and abided by the laws of the nation. To give the workers opportunities to learn: Apple have newly introduces SEED (Supplier Employee Education and Development) program which is introduced with well equipped classrooms. This is an effective way to expand the workers education on their factory shifts for better skills and knowledge. Apple has also partnership with some local universities so that the workers have access to high school equivalency and also with advanced learning programs (Simpson and Taylor, 2013). Excessive work load and work hours need to be reduced: An important priority was imposed by Apple that excessive overtime should be reduced. Work week up to 60 hours should be permitted. And all the overtime undertaken must be voluntarily executed. What Apple does is that it tracks the work hours on a weekly basis so that millions of people can be reached in the supply chain. It is also necessary for the company to be notified in advance about the production plans. In this way the teams of Apple can work along with the suppliers and also seek to find out best possible solution. Adequate rest must also be ensured to the workers because that is a part of their employment contract. Prevention of Underage labor: Apple has the motto to eradicate underage labor. If it is found prevailing in the industry then they are placed on probation. Even sometimes the business relationship is terminated. They follow a comprehensive audit approach and check the entire workers portfolio properly when they are been hired by the company. The workers photo ids are also verified to check underage labor if it is prevailing or not. Apple undertakes the program of Underage Labor Remediation Program that includes that the underage workers must be sent back to school so that they can complete their studies and then uphold their financial commitment to the family in terms of income (Social Learning towards a Sustainable World, 2014). Recommending necessary CSR strategies that the company can initiate: Certain recommendations are been given to the company so that they can build over their CSR strategies more effectively. The recommendations are given below: Improving health and safety through education: It can be recommended to the company to ensure effective worker health and safety because this is considered as one of the important priorities for any company. This point can ensure corrective action plan. But there is a problem of people who have such leadership skills so people can be given training the ones who are experienced enough to take such leadership roles into account and the issues can be resolved as a result. A formal 18 month program can be built within the supply chain. Also the company can think about building a partnership with certain nonprofit organizations so that strong EHS programs can be built. This can be an efficient training program. Identifying and reducing risk: It is recommended to the company to reduce the amount of risks that are mostly associated with a company. This can be done by addressing all the hazards that are involved to the employees as well as to the suppliers. Various campaigns can be implemented such as site safety, health concerns of employees. Sometimes it is seen that these risks affects the company policy and it becomes a hindrance to the company growth as a whole. Ensuring worker well being: For this the human resource managers along with the line supervisors needs to be imparted training that involves mental health assessments. It is also necessary to create healthy work environment and keep the premises neat and tidy. Use recyclable products: It is recommended so that the company can use recyclable materials that are necessary to build the mobile phones and iPods. If the batteries of the computers and laptops are made of recyclable products then when they are scrapped they can be further used in the production process instead of dumping it forever. Launch campaigns for women empowerment: As we can see that in todays world the women are also going along with men in terms of work pressure. So various campaigns can be initiated so that the women feel secured within the work environment and also they are protected from any kind of uncertainties or accidents and they can successfully give their best. Cause to environmental responsibility: It is expected that the suppliers goes beyond the rules and regulations of laws to protect its environment. The company can built impact on waste management initiatives including waste water management drives so that water is able to reach all parts of the country. Profile surveys must be conducted to check the pollution databases and necessary educational campaigns may be taken up by the management. All the anti leakage grounds and weather proofing must be facilitated and checked by the management. Also actions must be taken regarding disposal of the waste so that environment is protected. Conclusion: It can be concluded that CSR activity basically acts a strategic management tool against the consumer realities. In todays world the consumers pursues individual convenience and self interest by seeking economically viable products. There are very few companies which takes initiatives to build upon strategies to build importance of CSR activities. The CSR activities should more focused towards the consumers because they are considered as the most important determinant of corporate behavior. Apple is a worldwide corporation that is striving to be a market leader. The CSR activity can act as an important resource that can leverage the expectations of the company as a whole. This can play a strong role in building relation and improving the brand identity as a whole. Basically they also reflect the societys expectations that it have from a company. The business also views it as an opportunity to build a long term strategy and thus CSR can be integrated to the core business activities al so. This also helps in creating a developed economy for the company. It was also found out that Apples CSR activities were criticized because the company failed to incorporate effective CSR communication to its employees. Apple must continue to build strong brand identity and position so that no further attention is been given to criticisms. References: Arvidsson, S. (2014). Corporate social responsibility and stock market actors: a comprehensive study.Social Responsibility Journal, 10(2), pp.210-225. Bindhu, M., Vijaya Rekha, P., Umamaheswari, T. and Umadevi, M. (2014). Antibacterial activities of Hibiscus cannabinus stem-assisted silver and gold nanoparticles.Materials Letters, 131, pp.194-197. Fukushima, T. (2012). The significance of CSR in A/R CDM promotion from the case study of Japan: a focus on corporate forest-related activities and emission trading.J For Res, 18(4), pp.293-304. Grny, A. (2014). Influence of corporate social responsibility (CSR) on safety culture.Management, 18(1). Hill, C. (2014). Apples Dictation Software: A Voice Solution for Writers Whose Hands Need a Rest.WAP, 5(2), pp.349-355. Hoi, C., Wu, Q. and Zhang, H. (2013). Is Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Associated with Tax Avoidance? Evidence from Irresponsible CSR Activities.The Accounting Review, 88(6), pp.2025-2059. Hllerer, M. (2013). From Taken-for-Granted to Explicit Commitment: The Rise of CSR in a Corporatist Country.Journal of Management Studies, 50(4), pp.573-606. Kim, J., Park, Y., Kim, C. and Lee, H. (2013). Mobile application service networks: Apples App Store.Service Business, 8(1), pp.1-27. Kovcs, I. and Valk, G. (2013). Sustainable consumption consumers' reactions to CSR activities in Hungary.Regional Statistics, 3(1), pp.141-154. Misztal, A. and Jasiulewicz-Kaczmarek, M. (2014). Environmental issues of the corporate social responsibility.Management, 18(1). Munro, V. (2013). Stakeholder Preferences for Particular Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Activities and Social Initiatives (SIs): CSR Initiatives to Assist Corporate Strategy in Emerging and Frontier Markets.Journal of Corporate Citizenship, 2013(51), pp.72-105. Pei, H., Yu, S. and Tian, B. (2014). Analysis of Apples Design Management Policy.AMM, 496-500, pp.2626-2629. Przychodze, W. and Przychodze, J. (2014). Corporate Social Responsibility for Sustainability.MBA. CE, 22(2), pp.80-97. Report shows need to reinvigorate corporate social responsibility. (2014).ECOS. Rogowski, W. (2013). Examples of CSR related activities in polish companies / Miejsce spoecznej odpowiedzialnoci wstrategiach przedsibiorstw.Organization and Management, 2013(1 (154). Rojek-Nowosielska, M. (2014). Corporate social responsibility level theoretical approach.Management, 18(1). Simpson, J. and Taylor, J. (2013).Corporate governance, ethics, and CSR. London: Kogan Page. Social Learning Towards a Sustainable World. (2014).Journal of Education for Sustainable Development, 8(1), pp.85-85. Straussman, J. (2014). Developing craft skills with quasi-cases: The example of the Big Apple's flirtation with congestion pricing.Teaching Public Administration. Tai, F. and Chuang, S. (2014). Corporate Social Responsibility.iBusiness, 06(03), pp.117-130. The Effects of CSR Activities on Firms Financial Performance : Investigating in terms of CSR Development Stages. (2013).JCIT, 8(12), pp.414-418. Wirl, F., Feichtinger, G. and Kort, P. (2013). Individual firm and market dynamics of CSR activities.Journal of Economic Behavior Organization, 86, pp.169-182.

AIDS Related Stigma essays

AIDS Related Stigma essays Since the appearance of AIDS in the late seventies and early eighties, the disease has had attached to it a significant social stigma. This stigma has manifested itself in the form of discrimination, avoidance and fear of people living with AIDS (PLWAs). As a result, the social implications of the disease has been extended from those of other life threatening conditions to the point at which PLWAs are not only faced with a terminal illness but also social isolation and constant discrimination throughout society. Various explanations have been suggested as to the underlying causes of this stigmatization. Many studies point to the relationship the disease has with deviant behaviour. Others suggest that fear of contagion is the actual culprit. Examining the existing literature and putting it into societal context leads one to believe that there is no one cause. Instead, there would appear to be a collection of associated factors that influence societys As the number of people infected with HIV increases, social workers are and will be increasingly called upon to deal with and serve PWAs. Although not all social workers chose to work with PLWAs, the escalating incidence of HIV infection is creating a situation in which seropositive people are and will be showing up more often in almost all areas of social work practice. This paper aims to examine AIDS related stigma and the stigmatization process, hopefully providing insights into countering the effects of stigma and perhaps the possibility of destigmatization. This is of particular pertinence to the field of social work due to our growing involvement with the HIV positive population. Association to Deviant/Marginal Behavior One of the most clearly and often identified causes of AIDS related stigma is its association to deviant behaviour. The disease has had and still does have a strong association for many to ...

History of the Zeppelin essays

History of the Zeppelin essays It is worth mentioning that the rigid dirigibles pioneer had but one prior experience in air travel and no engineering background whatsoever. Count Ferdinand Von Zeppelin was a Prussian military veteran who dreamed of building a fleet of airships to give his homeland an advantage over France in the event of a war. No flying vehicles outside of the balloon existed at this time Zeppelins idea, in short, was to add a skeleton to the existing balloon design to make it easily steered. The Counts vision was rather regal his airships were to be giant and luxurious, looming warbirds to rule the sky. His first test vessel, the LZ 1 (Luftzeppelin), was indeed quite large, 420 feet long and 38 feet in diameter. However, the weight of the ship itself, with its engines and ballast, was a massive 26.4 thousand pounds. This left roughly 600 pounds for cargo, including passengers. Moreover, the craft was only able to fly for 18 minutes. The Count scrambled for more funds to improve his design, but the LZ 2 was not a great step forward. During its test run, both engines failed and the airship crashed into the ground. Count Von Zeppelins tenacity did not allow him to give up on his design. His 3rd test, the LZ 3, flew for over two hours, carrying 11 passengers at 25 miles per hour. It was his LZ 3 that finally gained the military attention Zeppelin had desired if he could perfect his craft to maintain flight for 24 hours, the German War Department would purchase and develop his design. The Count added rear stabilizing fins to keep the craft from pitching dangerously in the wind. His upgraded LZ 3 flew for 8 consecutive hours over a distance of 220 miles; impressive, but far short of the target 24 hours. The LZ 3 ultimately was too small for this feat. A larger craft, one that could hold more fuel and more cells of gas, was necessary to meet the quota. Thus the LZ 4 was developed,...

Internal and External Factors Affecting Four Functions of Management Essay

Internal and External Factors Affecting Four Functions of Management - Essay Example However, an organization that does not reflect on these factors is likely to flop since the external and internal factors will have dire consequences on its performance. To begin with, technology is one factor that has significant effects on the performance of an organization. In the current developing and developed world, many organizations are embracing technology to perfect service and product delivery. Some organizations were formed long before technology was enhanced. However, these organizations are benchmarking other organizations that have incepted technology in its operations. For instance, IKEA was formed in 1943, when technology was not enhanced. However, the organization has been able to enhance its technology to continue giving savored services. Apparently, it is considered that organizations that embrace technology continue to give unparalleled services and products to its customers. This is one factor that has enabled IKEA to attract a large market niche for its products. With improvement in technology, the organization has been able to offer high quality products and services. However, the induction of enhanced technology comes with i ts challenges and setbacks. First, the organization has to settle on technologies that will offer quality services. The technology should offer maximum utility to substantiate the investment in the technology. Secondly, technology is a huge investment which needs massive resources. Therefore, the organization has to collect massive resources in ensuring it is improving in its performance. Lastly, technology requires apt decision making. The organization has to make sensitive decisions on acquiring the stated technology. The second factor that affects the four functions of management is globalization. Globalization is a factor that has improved the performance of many businesses across the globe. Organizations that embrace globalization are likely to reflect a better performance than other organizations that are operating in a defined location. Spreading to other geographical regions exposes the organization to vast markets which create a greater demand for products and services. For instance, IKEA has embraced globalization by opening stores in many places of the world. Initially, the organization recorded low profits and revenue due to its location. However, the management decided to increase its market share by opening other stores in other countries. This has proved a positive approach as the business continues to sprout (Caglar, Kesteloo and Kleiner, 2012). Though this is a big investment, it is also a source of large amounts of revenue. For instance, IKEA has opened large stores in Sweden, Croatia, China and Germany. Previously, the organization was specialized in offering services in Europe. However, with the influence of globalization, it started offering services and products in many parts of the world. Apparently, the biggest stores that the organization has initiated are not situated in the same geographical region. The largest stores in the organization’s name are in Stockholm, Shanghai, Shenyang, Tianjin and Berlin. This shows that the organization is recording a positive performance from the diversity of its market niche. The availability of many markets across the globe ensures the

Outsourcing prisoners to other countries Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Outsourcing prisoners to other countries - Essay Example Outsourcing typically refers to contracting out a range of public services and/or responsibilities to other private organizations or entities in order to achieve different types of benefits such as correctional expenditures, reduce costs, reduce crime, improve law and order, and achieve other types of correctional measures. From the perspective of criminology, according to the National Council on Crime and Delinquency indicated that the practice of state and local correctional agencies contracting with private entities for medical, mental health, educational, food services, maintenance and administrative office security functions have shown significant rise; notably, the correctional agency maintains control over policy decisions and the quality of service provided by the private agency, using a monitor to maintain policy control and management of the private facility (Price, 2006). The most significant reasons for outsourcing parts of work or entire work to other units are reduced costs and increased profits along with improved efficiency in yield. Williamson’s (1975) analysis indicated that independent, competing service providers are potentially more economical and innovative than captive workers (cited in Mahoney, 2005; p.72). Besides these, work and services obtained from prisoners is said to be beneficial for taxpayers by reducing recidivism and promoting social duty to help criminals return to the society, with the use of cheap labor (Hollis, 2008). Overall, it can be concluded that outsourcing prisoners to other locations/countries cannot be equated with outsourcing of other services owing to the potential disastrous impact that outweighs its intended advantages.

I am Legend Essay Example for Free

I am Legend Essay Traditionally, bookstores categorize various books based on their respective contents horror, fiction, literature, or science fiction. Horror texts invoke feelings of fear in readers due to their bizarre or macabre content. Science fiction or fiction books describe imaginary concepts of either scientific or general nature respectively. Conversely, literature books comprise of texts that are neither fictional nor horror-based. Matheson’s I am Legend novel thus belongs to the category of horror owing to the ghoulish events described therein. For example, the vampirism that is evident in the novel instills fear among readers, thus rendering the work a horror literature. Although ‘good’ or ‘bad’ are purely subjective terms, people sometime use these terms to describe different texts. Such categorization relies heavily on persons’ subjective judgment, for example, regarding the emotions that such texts invoke in readers. To illustrate, horror, mystery, or romance books may be termed as ‘bad’. Conversely, science fiction books are labeled as ‘good’. Since such classification is very subjective and unstable owing to persons’ varied preferences and views, there is essentially no entire class of books that can be categorically termed as either ‘bad’ or ‘good’. After studying Matheson’s I am Legend novel, I cannot help but view it as a subjectively ‘bad’ book based on the ghastly scenes that the author describes. For example, Robert Neville – the novel’s main character is consistently described as being engaged in a futile rush to beat some seemingly insurmountable bigger forces. The character is thus clearly destined for death as is evident through his obviously futile attempts to fight against a vampire curse on earth. Eventually, Neville dies a sad and regretful death after spending a great deal of his time trying to outdo the evil that lurks on the earth. Through the somewhat unnecessary and martyr-like death of Neville, the author makes the book appear as a ‘bad’ one because a character is unjustly punished by death.

History Of The Internet Essay -- essays research papers

The year is 1957 and the USSR has just launched the first artificial earth satellite. In response America launches the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) within the Department of Defense (DOD) to create America’s lead in science and technology. The Internet had its humble beginnings here, within ARPA’s many projects.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Internet has become one of the key symbols of today’s pop culture: everything has a â€Å"dot com† address; people do not say â€Å"call me,† but instead its â€Å"I’ll E-mail you;† and the new word on the stock market is â€Å"E-business.† The Internet has not always been such a key figure in American life; in fact it was mostly unheard of until recently.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The theory for the Internet first started being published in 1961 with Leonard Kleinrock’s document on packet-switching theory, â€Å"Information Flow in Large Communication Net.† This document presented the theory behind the first problem of the Internet, and how to solve it1. The problem was this: when a large document is sent then pieces of it become lost in transfer and the entire document has to be resent, but then different pieces are missing from the new copy of the document. This is a major problem and the obvious solution is to â€Å"chop† the information up into smaller pieces and then transmit the smaller pieces2. Then another problem was realized, how does the computer know where to put these small bits of information? The solution to that was what has come to be known as packet-switching (PS). In PS, the entire document is sent in a bunch of tiny â€Å"packets,† these packets contain the information of the document â€Å"wrapped† in its placement on the page. The receiving computer then sends a message back to the transmitting computer telling it which packets were corrupted or missing and the transmitting computer then re-sends the lost information3.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The next problem that the Internet faced was first discovered at the ARPA’s networking project, ARPAnet. Since it was militarily connected, the leaders of ARPAnet wanted a way that information could be moved between two computers without requiring a direct connection in case the direct link between two computers failed (was destroyed). The way that the ARPAnet project dealt with this was by having the network bounce the information around without it taking a direct path... ... but enough to crash the Internet and land Mr. Morris (Jr.) a hefty fine and prison time. Earlier in that year, Internet Relay Chat was developed; something that has become one of the key factors in Internet usage today8.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the ten years since the Morris Worm the Internet has gone mainstream. After the ARPAnet ceased, the Internet had an explosion in usage and has become the giant that Americans know today. It has transformed from its humble beginnings, when it crashed on the first attempted remote LOGIN, into an economy driving, pop culture staple. Few people have heard of men such as Leonard Kleinrock, but none can say he has not contributed to America today. So, when you think about the Cold War, think about Sputnik and the Internet it created. Bibiography Hafner, Katie; Lyon, Matthew. Where Wizards Stay up Late: The Origins of the   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Internet. Touchstone Books; 1998. Kristula, David. â€Å"The History of the Internet.† Network Solutions, Inc. â€Å"What is the History of the Internet?.† Segaller, Stephen. Nerds 2.0.1: A Brief History of the Internet. TV Books Inc.; 1999 Sterling, Bruce. â€Å"A Brief History of the Internet.†

Criminology and Francis T. Cullen Essay

In this paper I will be discussing the classical school and the positive school and their relations to these current provisions 462.37., 462.39.-462.41 and 810 of the Canadian Criminal Code. After briefly summarizing these provisions, I will explain which law best represents the principles of the classical or positive school. Section 462.37 relates to classical school because it is a violation of the social contract. It also displays the use of fair procedure, proportional punishment and deterrence. It focuses on the deterrence of crime in comparison to the positive school where their primary goal is to identify features that influence crime and crime prevention. Section 810. accurately represents the positive school because it focuses on how the state can prevent the criminal from doing the crime. Section 462.37 outlines the Forfeiture of Proceeds of Crime where if one person is convicted of using the proceeds of crime to purchase goods or property, the state has the authority to co nfiscate it.(Criminal Code, 1985). This law favors the principles of the classical school in terms of deterrence, fair procedure and a violation of the social contract. The social contract is an obligation where the sovereign has the duty to protect individuals living under their rule in return for the people to give up their individualistic powers and live accordingly. Using the proceeds of crime to purchase desired goods and property is a violation of the social contract, because the profits were accumulated through illegal criminal activity. Due to this committed offence, a proportional punishment must be applied on the delinquent. The purpose of having punishments is to deter the offender from repeating the same crime; specific deterrence. In order to have a lasting effect on the offender, punishments should be chosen so it inflicts fear on them and is equivalent to the harm done. (Beccaria. 1983). Deterrence is based on a person who seeks pleasure and avoids pain, hedonistic decisions are made using the rational calculator. (Bentham, 1789). However, deterrence isn’t justified through the severity of the  punishment, but through its certainty and proportionality. In section 462.37 of the criminal code the punishment is proportional to the harm done because the state is only disposing the goods and property that he/she purchased using the proceeds of crime. (Criminal Code, 1985). Everything else will remain intact, unless proven otherwise. In any case, the punishments in classical school should be mild enough to exceed the pleasure expected from a crime. Anything beyond proportional punishment is considered as sinister and completely useless. (Beccaria, 1983). â€Å"Crimes are more effectively prevented by the certainty.† (Beccaria, 1983) What Beccaria means is that rather than having only a handful of offenders caught and severely punished, society should catch more offenders and effectively punish them in order to protect society. In violation of this law, the convicted offender must be found guilty through a humane trial. If the offender if found guilty through the fair procedure of the court, then a punishment can be applied on the accused. In the accused’s defense a trial is held to balance the probabilities of this offender using the proceeds of crime. Once the judge has made the decision of guilty, then Her majesty can dispose of the property and goods purchased through the proceeds of crime and otherwise in accordance to the law. Moreover, this section of the criminal code has a more classical scholiast approach because it allows for deterrence of crime through fair procedure and proportional punishment all because of the violation of the social contract. This law doesn’t apply the principles of the positive school because it does not act at the â€Å"root causes† of why the offender did the crime in the first place. This law serves the purpose to deter crime and punishing the offender proportionally, whereas the positive focus more on determining the causes and influential factors crime. (Gabor, 2010). The Sureties to Keep the peace, section 810, exemplifies that if an individual feels unsafe because of another person that might harm them or anyone in close-relations to that person. The state has the right to convict this offender to a recognizance. The offender must keep the peace for a given time or else the state can dispose of their desirable goods; however, if peace has been kept, the offender is freed. (Criminal Code, 1985). This law follows the concepts of the positive school because the goal is to prevent crime in order to protect society from future  dangers using a scientific approach. It also includes some aspects of Lombroso’s theory of the born criminal, using biological determinism.(Lombroso, 1911). The state’s obligation is to protect society’s individual me mbers from harm. Their duty is to recognize harmful behavior and then take actions to prevent it using whatever is necessary. In this provision the government has taken the duty to protect this individual who fears an attack coming by securing the offenders desirable goods and telling them to keep the peace or else they will dispose of the objects. The purpose of recognizance is to prevent future dangers the criminal might create. There is no need to wait for the actual crime to occur, but to take action to prevent it through the security and warning given to the offender to keep the peace. As seen in the law, the offence has not yet been committed; therefore, the victim relies on other factors to prove on reasonable grounds that this offender will harm the individual. Lombroso’s theory of the â€Å"Born Criminal† shows that the criminals are biologically different from non-criminals thus they can be identified using physical features. (Lombroso, 1911). For example, one would feel more comfortable being followed by a clean, well-shaved, harmless looking man rather than an ape-like looking impr ovised, homeless man. People unconsciously judge criminality based on the physical features of others. Biological determinism is the idea that crime is not committed through rational choice, but through other factors that they have little or no self-control over such as biological traits and features. In the provision the state has the authority to send the offender to recognizance under reasonable grounds and a convincing argument by the victim. This argument may include judging a criminal based on Lombroso’s theory of born criminal and biological determinism. Moreover, the government also has the duty to identify the risk and future dangers that this offender might display. Balancing the probabilities that the offender will actually attack the victim is taken into consideration when deciding the extreme of the conditions and the time period the delinquent will go into recognizance. However, if the delinquent does not keep the peace in the given time, their punishment may range from a fine, to the disposal of secured goods. Knowing this, if a criminal has this unstoppable drive and passion for criminality, then something like a $5000 fine, will not stop them from doing so. In most restraining orders what ends  up happening is the victim is attacked or harmed anyways, because today people have an uncontrollable desire to commit crime. Criminals that have a compulsive desires for crimes act indifferently to the consequences because of biological influences or desperate situations.The law excludes the punishment of breaking a recognizance, but one can see that a positivist would use trial, not to determine the innocence or guilt of the offender but to ask the question, will they do this again? They would also want to know where the offender would attack, who and why? From a classical school perspective, only the guiltiness of the offender matters so they can apply proportional punishment. This provision doesn’t exemplify the classical school because it shows that offenders do not have control over their criminal behavior, thus making it irrational. This law is based on the priority to prevent crime and determine its causes rather than to deter cr ime and inflict punishments on the offender using a scientific approach. Moreover, section 462.37 displays concepts of the classical school because it is considered a violation of the social contract; the deal that society gives up their power in return for safety. This provision also shows that this act was done out of rational choice by weighing out the consequences and benefits before committing to an action. Fair procedure is used to defend the rights of the offender; however, the main purpose is identify the guiltiness of the delinquent. Fair procedure in this law is shown when the state balances the probabilities of the proceeds of crime actually being used on his/her acquired property and goods. After the offender has been proved or has pleaded guilty, a proportional punishment is applied on him/her. In this case, the proceeds earned through crime that the offender used to purchase goods and property will be confiscated, everything else will remain. Section 810. represents the positive school because it is an example of how the state would protect society. In this provision the crime has not happened yet, one is only worried and fears and attack. Biological determinism is used to identify who would pose a threat; this is based on physical features. This law also focuses on the risk and future dangers the offender might display. Securing valued items of the delinquent is a method used by the state to prevent a future danger from occurring and lessening the risks. In conclusion the classical school is more about the deterrence  of crime whereas the positive school focuses on the prevention of crime. Works Cited Beccaria, C. (1983). An Essay on Crimes and Punishments. Francis T. Cullen, Robert Agnew Pamela Wilcox (Eds.), Criminological Theory: Past to Present (pp. 27-29). New York: Oxford University Press. Bentham, J (1789). An Introduction to the Principle of Moral and Legislation. Joseph E. Jacoby (Ed.), Classics of Criminology (pp.105-109). Long Grove, Illinois: Waveland Press. Gabor, T (2010). Basics of Criminology (1st Ed.). Ottawa: McGraw Hill Ryerson. Lombroso, C (1911). Criminal Man. Francis T. Cullen, Robert Agnew & Pamela Wilcox (Eds.), Criminological Theory: Past to Present (pp. 27-29). New York: Oxford University Press.

How to Conjugate the Verb Mangiare in Italian

Mangiare, whether used metaphorically or literally, means what you know it to mean: to eat. It’s a regular verb of the first conjugation, so it follows the typical -are verb ending pattern. It’s a transitive verb, so generally it takes a direct object, though it is often followed by an adverb instead—for example, mangiare bene or mangiare male (to eat well or poorly), or mangiare in fretta (to eat in a hurry) or velocemente (quickly)—and it is also used often in the infinitive as a noun. Interesting idioms and sayings related to mangiare abound, including to eat ones words, to eat someone (in anger), and to eat ones liver out (out of envy), and some mangiare-related name-calling as well. Here, though, we want you to learn how to conjugate this essential Italian verb. Transitive, Impersonal, and Reflexive As a transitive verb, mangiare is conjugated in its compound tenses with avere and its past participle, mangiato. But is is also a verb commonly used in the impersonal construction—the si impersonale (one, everyone, or we)—conjugated with the auxiliary essere: In Italia si mangia molta pasta (In Italy we eat/one eats a lot of pasta), or, Da noi non si mangia la carne il venerdà ¬ (Here we dont eat meat on Fridays). In speaking about a restaurant, for example, if you say, Si mangia bene (or male) allOsteria Vecchia, it means the food is good or bad there; one eats well or poorly there. To remind you of that use, in the tables below we substituted the third personal singular regular conjugation with the impersonal si (since it is used like he or she). Mangiarsi is also used in a faux-reflexive/pronominal mood, still with essere, to stress the pleasure of eating, or even an exaggerated indulgence in eating. For example: Mi sono mangiato tre piatti di pasta! (I ate myself three plates of pasta!), or, Luigi si sarebbe mangiato anche il tavolino! (Luigi would have eaten himself the table, too!). Or, Mi mangerei una torta intera! I would eat myself a whole cake! Indicativo Presente: Present Indicative A regular presente. Io mangio Io mangio molta pasta. I eat a lot of pasta. Tu mangi Tu mangi pochissimo. You eat very little. Lui, lei, Lei, si mangia Si mangia sempre bene da Nilo a Cetona. One always eats well at Nilo's in Cetona. Noi mangiamo Noi mangiamo tardi. We eat late. Voi mangiate Mangiate da noi? Are you eating at our place? Loro, Loro mangiano Loro mangiano sempre fuori. They always eat out. Indicativo Passato Prossimo: Present Perfect Indicative The passato prossimo, made of the present of the auxiliary and the participio passato, mangiato. Io ho mangiato Ieri da Lucia ho mangiato troppa pasta. Yesterday I ate too much pasta at Lucia's. Tu hai mangiato Tu hai mangiato pochissimo a cena. You ate very little at dinner. Lui, lei, Lei, si à ¨ mangiato Ieri sera s'à ¨ mangiato benissimo da Nilo. Yesterday we ate divinely at Nilo's. Noi abbiamo mangiato Abbiamo mangiato molto tardi ieri sera. We ate very late last night. Voi avete mangiato Dove avete mangiato ieri? Where did you eat yesterday? Loro, Loro hanno mangiato Hanno mangiato fuori ieri. They ate out last night. Indicativo Imperfetto: Imperfect Indicative A regular imperfetto. Io mangiavo Prima mangiavo molta pasta; adesso mangio pià ¹ riso. Before, I used to eat a lot of pasta; now I eat more rice. Tu mangiavi Da bambino mangiavi pochissimo. When you were a little boy you ate very little. Lui, lei, Lei, si mangiava Si mangiava benissimo da Nilo allora. One ate very well at Nilo's back then. Noi mangiavamo D'estate mangiavamo sempre tardi. In summer we used to always eat late. Voi mangiavate Da ragazzini mangiavate sempre a casa nostra. As kids you used to always eat at our house. Loro mangiavano Quando lavoravano, mangiavano sempre fuori. When they worked, they used to eat out all the time. Indicativo Passato Remoto: Remote Past Indicative A regular passato remoto. Io mangiai Quella volta mangiai tutta la pasta che fece la Lucia. That time I ate all the pasta that Lucia made. Tu mangiasti Perchà © mangiasti poco, ti sentisti male. Because you ate very little, you felt sick. Lui, lei, Lei, si mangià ² Quel Natale si mangià ² da Nilo. Si mangiarono i tortellini. That Christmas we ate at Nilo's; we ate tortellini. Noi mangiammo Mangiammo gli spaghetti tardi quella sera, a mezzanotte, ricordi? We ate spaghetti late that night, at midnight, remember? Voi mangiaste Per il mio compleanno quell'anno mangiaste da noi. For my birthday that year you ate at our place. Loro, Loro mangiarono Mangiarono tutti fuori, a lunghe tavolate, nei vicoli. They all ate outside, at long tables set in the streets. Indicativo Trapassato Prossimo: Past Perfect Indicative The trapassato prossimo, made of the imperfetto of the auxiliary and the participio passato. Io avevo mangiato Avevo appena mangiato quando mi invità ² a pranzo. I had just eaten when she invited me to lunch. Tu avevi mangiato Da bambino avevi mangiato poco, ma da ragazzo ti rifacesti. As a little boy you had eaten little, but as a teenager you made up for it. Lui, lei, Lei, si era mangiato Eravamo pieni perchà © s'era mangiato da Nilo. We were full because we had eaten at Nilo's. Noi avevamo mangiato Non avevamo ancora mangiato ed eravamo affamati. We had not yet eaten and we were famished. Voi avevate mangiato Mi arrabbiai perchà © avevo cucinato tutto il giorno e voi avevate già   mangiato. I got angry because I had cooked all day and you had already eaten. Loro avevano mangiato Dopo che avevano mangiato, scendevano in piazza a ballare. After they had eaten they would go down to the piazza to dance. Indicativo Trapassato Remoto: Preterite Past Indicative The trapassato remoto, made of the passato remoto of the auxiliary and the participio passato. A remote storytelling tense. Io ebbi mangiato Dopo che ebbi mangiato presi il barroccio e partii. After I had eaten, I took the cart and left. Tu avesti mangiato Appena che avesti mangiato andasti a dormire. As soon as you had eaten you went to sleep. Lui, lei, Lei, si fu mangiato Dopo che si fu mangiato, si partà ¬ per Roma. After we ate, we left for Rome. Noi avemmo mangiato Quando avemmo mangiato scendemmo in piazza a festeggiare. When we had eaten we went down to the piazza to celebrate. Voi aveste mangiato Solo dopo che aveste mangiato vi calmaste. Only after you had eaten did you calm yourselves. Loro ebbero mangiato Appena che ebbero mangiato, i soldati partirono. As soon as they had eaten, the soldiers left. Indicativo Futuro Semplice: Simple Future Indicative A regular futuro semplice. Io mangerà ² Domani mangerà ² la pasta dalla Lucia. Tomorrow I will eat pasta at Lucia's. Tu mangerai Mangerai tanto o poco domani? Will you eat a lot or little tomorrow? Lui, lei, Lei, si mangerà   Domani da Nilo si mangerà   bene di sicuro. Tomorrow we/one will eat well at Nilo's for sure. Noi mangeremo Cosa mangeremo domani? What are we going to eat tomorrow? Voi mangerete Domani mangerete il pesce da noi. Tomorrow you will eat fish at our place. Loro, Loro mangeranno Sicuramente mangeranno fuori domani. Surely tomorrow they will eat out. Indicativo Futuro Anteriore: Future Perfect Indicative The futuro anteriore, made of the futuro semplice of the auxiliary and the participio passato. Io avrà ² mangiato Quando avrà ² mangiato mi riposerà ². When I will have eaten I will rest. Tu avrai mangiato Dopo che avrai mangiato il mio risotto, mi dirai cosa ne pensi. After you will have eaten my risotto, you will tell me what you think. Lui, lei, Lei, si sarà   mangiato Dopo che si sarà   mangiato e ben bevuto da Nilo, andremo a casa. After we will have eaten and drunk well at Nilo's, we will go home. Noi avremo mangiato Finchà © non avremo mangiato non saremo contenti. We will not be happy until we will have eaten. Voi avrete mangiato Non smetterà ² di invitarvi finchà © non avrete mangiato da noi. I will not stop inviting you until you will have eaten at our house. Loro avranno mangiato Chissà   se quando arriveranno avranno mangiato. I wonder if they will have eaten when they arrive. Congiuntivo Presente: Present Subjunctive A regular congiuntivo presente. Che io mangi Dubito che io mangi poco domani. I doubt I will eat little tomorrow. Che tu mangi Benchà © tu mangi tantissimo, sei molto magro. Though you eat a lot, you are skinny. Che lui, lei, Lei, si mangi Penso che si mangi bene da Nilo. I think one eats well at Nilo's. Che noi mangiamo Temo che mangiamo tardi. I fear that we will eat late. Che voi mangiate Spero che voi mangiate con noi. I hope you will eat with us. Che loro, Loro mangino Credo che mangino fuori. I think they are eating out. Congiuntivo Passato: Present Perfect Subjunctive The congiuntivo passato, made of the congiuntivo presente of the auxiliary and the participio passato. Che io abbia mangiato Nonostante io abbia mangiato tanta pasta, ho ancora fame. Though I ate a lot of pasta, I am still hungry. Che tu abbia mangiato Sono felice che tu abbia mangiato tanto. I am happy that you ate a lot. Che lui, lei, Lei, si sia mangiato Sono contenta che si sia mangiato bene da Nilo. I am happy that we ate well at Nilo's. Che noi abbiamo mangiato Mi dispiace che non abbiamo mangiato da Nilo. I am sorry that we didn't eat at Nilo's. Che voi abbiate mangiato Spero che abbiate mangiato abbastanza. I hope you ate enough. Che loro/Loro abbiano mangiato Credo che abbiano mangiato fuori. I think they ate out. Congiuntivo Imperfetto: Imperfect Subjunctive The congiuntivo imperfetto, regular. Che io mangiassi Era l'ora che io mangiassi un buon piatto di pasta. It was about time that I eat a good plate of pasta. Che tu mangiassi Vorrei che tu mangiassi di pià ¹ e pià ¹ lentamente. I wish that you would eat more and more slowly. Che lui, lei, Lei, si mangiasse Pensavo che non si mangiasse bene da Nilo; invece sà ¬. I thought one/we would not eat well at Nilo's; to the contrary. Che noi mangiassimo Malgrado non mangiassimo la carne, ci hanno preparato un pollo arrosto e non abbiamo mangiato. Though we don't/didn't eat meat, they prepared a roast chicken, so we didn't eat. Che voi mangiaste Vorremmo che mangiaste da noi. We wish you would eat at our place. Che loro, Loro mangiassero Pensavo che mangiassero fuori. I thought they were eating out. Congiuntivo Trapassato: Past Perfect Subjunctive The trapassato prossimo, made of the imperfetto congiuntivo of the auxiliary and the participio passato. Che io avessi mangiato Lucia avrebbe voluto che avessi mangiato di pià ¹. Lucia had wished that I had eaten more. Che tu avessi mangiato Avevo pensato che tu avessi mangiato qualcosa prima di venire. I had thought that you had eaten something before coming. Che lui, lei, Lei, si si fosse mangiato Se si si fosse mangiato da Nilo, avremmo mangiato bene. If we had eaten at Nilo's, we would have eaten well. Che noi avessimo mangiato La mamma pensava che avessimo mangiato e non ha preparato niente. Mom thought we had already eaten so she did not prepare anything. Che voi aveste mangiato Sarei stata felice se aveste mangiato da noi. I would have been happy had you eaten with us. Che loro, Loro avessero mangiato Pensavo che avessero mangiato fuori. I thought they had eaten out. Condizionale Presente: Present Conditional A regular  condizionale presente. Io mangerei Mangerei un bel piatto di pasta adesso. I would eat a big plate of pasta right now. Tu mangeresti Mangeresti se tu avessi fame. You would eat if you were hungry. Lui, lei, Lei, si mangerebbe Si mangerebbe di pià ¹ se non si ingrassasse. One/we would eat more if we didn't put on weight. Noi mangeremmo Mangeremmo un bel pesce se ce lo preparassi. We would eat a nice fish if you would prepare it for us. Voi mangereste Cosa mangereste per la vostra ultima cena? What would you eat for your last supper? Loro, Loro mangerebbero Cosa mangerebbero le signore? What would the ladies (you, formal) like to eat? Condizionale Passato: Past Conditional The condizionale passato, made of the condizionale presente of the auxiliary and the participio passato. Io avrei mangiato Io avrei mangiato un bel piatto di pici, ma non ci sono. I would have eaten a plate of pici, but there aren't any. Tu avresti mangiato Se tu avessi avuto fame avresti mangiato. If you had been hungry you would have eaten. Lui, lei, Lei, si sarebbe mangiato Si sarebbe mangiato volentieri il pesce ma non c'à ¨. We would have happily eaten a fish, but there is none. Noi avremmo mangiato Non avremmo mangiato a casa se avessimo saputo che cucinavi. We would not have eaten at home had we known you were cooking. Voi avreste mangiato Avreste mangiato da noi se aveste potuto. You would have eaten at our place had you been able to. Loro, Loro avrebbero mangiato Avrebbero mangiato fuori ma il ristorante era chiuso. They would have eaten out, but the restaurant was closed. Imperativo: Imperative A tense used often at the Italian dinner table! Tu mangia Mangia, che hai fame! Eat, eat, that you're hungry! Noi mangiamo Dai, mangiamo da Nilo! C'mon, let's eat at Nilo's! Voi mangiate Mangiate, mangiate! Eat! Eat! Infinito Presente Passato: Present Past Infinitive In the infinito, mangiare is used often as an infinito sostantivato: in other words, like a noun that replaces the English word food. It is often used with fare and dare: fare da mangiare (to cook) and dare da mangiare (to feed someone). Also, non avere da mangiare (to not have food), and portare da mangiare (to bring food). mangiare 1. Mi piace mangiare. 2. Mi piace mangiare vegetariano. 3. Dopo ti faccio da mangiare. 1. I like to eat. 2. I like to eat vegetarian. 3. Later I will make you some food. avere mangiato 1. Temo di avere mangiato troppo. 2. Dopo aver mangiato, ci siamo riposati. 1. I fear I ate/having eaten too much. 2. After having eaten, we rested. Participio Presente Passato: Present Past Participle The participio passato is the only one used and only with strict auxiliary function. mangiante - mangiato Ho mangiato molto. I ate a lot. Gerundio Presente Passato: Present Past Gerund A regular gerund. mangiando Mangiando ho rotto un dente. I broke a tooth eating. avendo mangiato Avendo mangiato molto, sono andato a riposare. Having eaten a lot, I went to rest.